在美国拥有自己房屋的梦想对于部分人来说已经变得遥不可及。
不过，我并不认为这样意味着家庭无法在一个长期的时间内累积家庭财富。
对于此前数个世代的美国人来说，买房意味着一种约定俗成的人生过程：签署长达30年的房屋抵押贷款协议，支付的利息可以享受减税的好处，并且通常房屋的价格会随着时间的增加而增长。
这种模式在2008年-2009年金融危机期间破灭了。数百万美国人突然发现随着房地产价格下跌，他们背负的大额抵押贷款如此沉重。
挣扎的数据
即便金融危机已经过去10年了，美国住房拥有率仍未能完全恢复。
截至2019年第二季度，美国自住房拥有率为64.1%，低于去年同期64.3%的拥有率。
35岁以下年龄段的美国年轻人看起来在为生活挣扎，在2005年至2006年的房地产繁荣时期，该年龄段的自住房拥有率约为40%，目前的比例为36.4%。
收入增长停滞
自住房拥有率下滑的部分原因在于近年的房地产价格增长超过收入增速，对于年轻夫妻来说准备15%至20%的现金用来支付抵押贷款的首付变得日益艰难。
另一个影响因素则是房价长期趋势的变化。2008年金融危机打破了房屋价格总会上涨的认知。
权衡
影响自住房拥有率的更重要的问题是，自住房是否仍是夫妇累积财富的最佳投资工具。
每一个房地产市场均是不同的，并受多个变量因素的影响。
在某些情况下，对于家庭来说更好的方式是租房，并且将家庭储蓄投资于股市。
CNBC援引Realtor.com的数据称，快速上涨的房价和利率的涨速在去年是全国租金涨幅的三倍。
退休人员
拥有自住房并且接近退休年龄的家庭也该问问自己，他们是否更应该早点还清抵押贷款。
简而言之，是选择提前偿还房屋贷款以节省在利息上的支出，还是将储蓄转移到股市并寻求更高回报更合理。
Ameriprise金融公司近期在一篇有趣的文章中进行了此类的计算，在一个假设的案例中，提早偿还抵押贷款对部分家庭可能并不是正确的选择。
Ameriprise金融公司做出的计算如下图所示：提前10年还清利息为4.5%的10万美元贷款，可节省2.4万美元的利息；将10万美元投资于年回报率为5%的投资产品，10年获得6.4万美元的利息。
结论
每个家庭的情况都是与众不同的，财务目标和风险承受能力也会有很大差异。
在进行重大的财务决策之前，最好咨询财务顾问或者税务专家。
自10多年前的金融危机以来，关于拥有自住房的旧有认知和确定性已需要更新。
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